Schrodinger's cat experiment, created by physicist Erwin Schrodinger, is a thought experiment designed to illustrate the principle of quantum superposition and its contradiction in the everyday macroscopic world. It describes a situation where a cat, placed in a sealed box with radioactive material and a poison mechanism, is considered simultaneously alive and dead until the box is opened and the state observed. This experiment highlights the indeterminacy and complexity of quantum system states, as the cat exists in both states simultaneously until observed.